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Active family vacations: pros and cons

By
The First Doc.
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0

Planning an active family holiday sounds like a good idea. But are you sure you’re ready for it? Extreme recreation with rafting or kayaking, hiking in the woods or even climbing a mountain is a wonderful pastime not only for adults, but also for the younger generation. We will tell in detail how to make a vacation not only unforgettable, but also safe and thoughtful. We will listen to expert advice.

Positive generational experience

Half a century ago, when there were no computers and gadgets, and even landlines were not for everyone, kids sat at home much less. Especially during vacations.

In the morning after breakfast the kids went out, and only in the evening were parents able to call their offspring home – hungry, tired, sunburned, with shining eyes and scraped knees, with a lot of impressions.

No matter what you say, but teenagers at that time were more healthy, dexterous, harmoniously developed physically and very often – more responsible and independent. Because, among other things, they had to be much more responsible for themselves and their younger siblings. It was normal not to hire a nanny for a schoolboy, but to entrust children to cope by themselves.

The rest of their summer vacations were spent at the dacha, where they helped the grown-ups with household chores. At the same time, they managed to go fishing, go mushrooming, build a hut, go to a night campfire, and enjoy the indescribable smell of baked potatoes.

Was it good or bad? It’s hard to assess, especially since times change inexorably and irrevocably.

Lost in the Stone Jungle

Lost in the Stone Jungle

The younger generation now spends considerably less time outdoors, and communication with parents is minimized. Parents spend more time at work, and in the remaining hours they tend to be occupied with themselves.

The child is left to himself and the Internet, which has everything: and communication, and games that replace reality, and any, not always useful information, and many virtual worlds that are so addictive…

The result is not just misunderstanding between parents and children, but alienation. The role of “ancestors” is reduced to supplying finances, housing, food and clothing, and more or less successfully controlling academic performance.

The teenager often does not know, and does not want to know how parents work, what they are interested in, how they feel, what they know and what they dream about. Parents see their son or daughter only asleep or in their heads on monitors. But this is wrong, and both sides, both generations, suffer from this state of affairs.

How do you regain family ties, restore or rebuild a parent’s relationship with estranged teens?

Family sports

Perhaps accustomed to virtual competitions teenager idea to play sports in real life will not have to taste. But practice shows that it is possible to change the child’s mind. For example, by interest in the new bike, or the prospect to shoot all your virtual friends with cool pictures.

And it’s not so important that it will be a photo – on a horse, on a kayak or hang gliding. The main thing is that they will be real photos and real achievements and victories.

Of course, you have to involve your teenager gradually, without pressure or rigid requirements. At first, you can go on a bicycle or horseback riding trip for a day or even a few hours.

Then, if all goes well, you can increase the distance and load, and one day offer to go on a multi-day bike ride. And impressions, along with videos and photos taken along the way, can be published by the teenager in a blog or on his social networking page.

Even when going to the resort, you can find time for family sports:

  • On the Greek islands, in the same Turkey and in no less popular Egypt together with children from 7 years old you can master the art of windsurfing.
  • In European countries there are many cycling routes for families with children of all ages, including infants.
  • In Egypt and the Emirates you can learn the secrets of diving together with children, children from 10 years old are allowed to dive.

Family tourism

Family Tourism

Of course, it is easier and more comfortable to lie in a lounge chair on the beach in Turkey or Montenegro. Food, entertainment, safety and predictability. Children frolic with animators or sit with their tablets and iPhones. Everything is the same as at home, only the climate is different and the sea is splashing nearby.

What if you go rafting on a river in a kayak? Go hiking for a few days? How about riding mountain trails?

You’d be surprised, but many parents do. Family vacations of this kind are quite a sought-after segment of the travel industry.

In Turkey, Slovenia, Bulgaria families with children from 10 years old are offered rafting: rafting down rivers on inflatable watercrafts. In the Caucasus, Altai, Crimea, Bulgaria and Turkey there are horse routes of different complexity and different duration.

Kids as young as 6 years old are offered ponies, and kids 10 and up can travel on a trip saddled by an ordinary horse. Parents with their own travel experiences often gather like-minded companies to spend their vacations on an interesting trip.

What does an active vacation provide?

Parents get an excellent opportunity to communicate with their children in an informal setting, to reveal those sides that in normal city life remain “behind the scenes. The teenager is surprised to see the ever-busy and tired father as a strong, agile, skillful, confident man.

Who both can light a fire with a match, and meat tasty grill, and with an oar / boats / bike deftly manages. And laughs so merrily. And is always ready to support, help and teach.

Natalia, tourist with 30 years experience, mother of 3 children: “For us there has never been a question – to take children with us on hikes or not to take them. How can you leave them at home, if parents themselves go to a wonderful and exciting journey? We took our own on easy hikes when they were still infants, 7-8 months old.

There were times when growing up that they sometimes refused to go with us for various reasons, missed a couple of trips, and then rejoined us. We always went in family groups, so there were at least 3 kids of different ages in the group. It was interesting for them, and there was a competitive spirit.

I can say with absolute certainty: this kind of time together brings family members very close together, strengthens mutual respect, affection and trust.

A teenager gets a sea of opportunities for self-assertion, and the most real ones at that. The very independence that almost all teenagers aspire to – here it is, if you scoop it with a spoon, if you throw it from a cliff into a river.

Prove to everyone, and to your parents in the first place, that you are an adult, that you are able, capable and worthy.

If a teenager has had an unhappy love affair, has problems with computer addiction, bad company, or worse, drugs, physical removal from the subject of addiction can also be very helpful.

Although, most likely, at first, the child will resist as much as he or she can. But the teenage psyche is plastic enough, and difficulties can be overcome.

Important points

Important Moments

Planning

When deciding to go on a trip with children, it is extremely important to carefully plan everything: the route of the trip, the length of the trip, the connection to civilization, and more.

Do not overestimate the strength – neither your own, nor that of the youngest participant. It is imperative to include in the group a medic and someone with real knowledge and experience in the chosen method of travel.

Security

The complexity of the route will have to be sacrificed for the sake of safety. Nevertheless, it is necessary to conduct a thorough briefing of all members of the group, without exception, with a test of learned knowledge and skills, before the start of the trip.

This is the beginning of independence and responsibility, which is why teenagers set off on their journey. The group should lead an experienced instructor, the route is agreed in advance.

The route and control points must be known to the relatives, in addition to the tourist club or travel agency that organizes the trip or hike.

First Aid

A well-stocked first aid kit is mandatory. Adults should be able to provide adequate first aid, and know exactly where to seek medical help at every point along the route. Thanks to the advances of civilization – now you can always have at hand a compact medical guide “Companion on the Road,” in the form of a mobile app on your smartphone.

Nutrition in Nature

Cooking a tasty meal over a campfire is not a difficult thing to do, because after physical activity, any meal in nature seems doubly tasty. When traveling, it is important to observe hygiene and sanitary requirements, not only for food, but also for water.

Drinking water is better to take bottled, but it’s not always possible. Stock special filters and disinfectant tablets, and you can boil water before drinking.

All group members should have a concept of poisonous and edible plants and mushrooms.

Insect protection

Blood-sucking insects can ruin any travel pleasure. This applies to mosquitoes and midges as well as to ticks. The latter become a real scourge of outdoor recreation. Ixodes ticks carry not only encephalitis, but also other diseases that are no less unpleasant and dangerous.

You can be vaccinated against encephalitis, but there is no vaccine against Lyme disease. In advance, stock up on repellents, which are effective against flying and crawling blood-sucking insects. Clothing is also better to choose the appropriate, especially for hiking.

Expert’s comment

Theoretically, the idea of parents and teens spending time together can only evoke positive emotions. For teenagers any trip somewhere together with their “parents” in the form of lying on the beach, cultural program, acquaintance with historical values and shopping can only cause a contemptuous grimace.

And here is extreme – oh, that’s it! Here you instantly awakens a mad enthusiasm, respect for the “parents” goes off the scale and remains at a mark of 100 points, followed by unconditional vows to immediately and rigorously implement all that they will be told or commanded.

Parents are happy-what a brilliant chance to raise their prestige, to establish contact with their fidgety and rebellious offspring, to gain their respect. But is everything as rosy as it seems?

When conceiving of such an event as extreme hiking with their children, parents should definitely and one hundred percent provide for the following points.

  • Whether your children are well prepared from the sporting point of view (the fact that such training should be you yourself, is not discussed). For the fact that your child enjoys riding a bike in the country village does not mean that he will be able to go 150-200 kilometers a day on the bike race. The same applies to other athletic skills.
  • Have you done this route yourself? Are you sure that the maps are correct, that nothing has changed in the road situation, that the settlements indicated on them exist, and that camping sites are still available?
  • Are your bikes (kayaks, boats, etc.) roadworthy, checked, repaired, do you have all the necessary parts, do you know how to make any repairs, do you have all the necessary tools?
  • Are you healthy, you don’t have any chronic illnesses, you have a fully stocked first aid kit, you know how to deal with all kinds of injuries, are you traveling in a route that medical help can get to you if needed? Do you know how to perform CPR, tourniquets, intramuscular injections, and the like?
  • Are you confident that your children will enjoy a rather Spartan lifestyle, and that the pleasures of camping will outweigh their discomfort?
  • Do your family and friends know exactly what your itinerary is? Do they know all the points you must pass through? Have you set the exact time of the control call? Do your family members know who to contact in case that time is overdue?
  • Do you know how to drive yourself if one of your children falls behind in the group? Do the kids know that? Have you practiced emergency behavior skills?
  • Is your GPS device in good working order?

If you give an affirmative answer to all these questions, then you are quite ready for an extreme vacation together with your children. But I don’t doubt that some of the parents have already wavered on the third point and said that if you go through all this trouble, you don’t need a vacation at all. And for nothing.

He who is warned is armed. And it’s better to anticipate all possible unpleasant situations, than not know what to do if you suddenly have to face them.

Have a great time, everyone!

Any joint activity, if it causes sincere interest in children, promotes the establishment of relations between parents and children. Of course, extreme travel can have a greater effect by virtue of its specifics – there people, as a rule, face a series of really dangerous situations.

In order to overcome them, they have to interact and help each other, and that in itself is a great bonding factor. Nevertheless, before the journey, it is important to find out how much the child even wants to go on such an adventure – after all, not everyone is obsessed with the dream of conquering Mount Everest.

If a teenager is not interested in all this, it will only cause irritation and rejection. Relationships from this will certainly not improve, rather the opposite.

As for overcoming addictions, yes, extreme hiking can help. Addiction (including drug addiction) is a purely psychological problem. A 2-3 week course of Dektox helps to normalize the organism after a long period of taking drugs. But it is psychological addiction that makes a person return to drugs. In this case, a long trip to the reserved places, where, firstly, there will be a lot of interesting things, and secondly, the lack of opportunity to get these very drugs, will be beneficial.

The child will understand that there are many beautiful things in life, and he may even become interested in something, get acquainted with someone. All of this will help take his mind off former attachments.

The same is true of computer games and unhappy love. Any addiction is treated with love and understanding from loved ones and a regulation on communication with the object of unhealthy attachment. So, first surround your child with love, show interest in his inner world, and then pack your backpacks and – on Everest!

Active family vacations: pros and cons

The articles on this site are for information purposes only. The site administrators are not responsible for attempting to apply any recipe, advice or diet, nor do they guarantee that the information provided will help or harm you personally. Be cautious and always consult a doctor or nutritionist!

*All products recommended by thefirstdoc.com are selected by our editorial team. Some of our articles include affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, you help us earn a small commission from the seller and thus support the writing of useful and quality articles.

Kidney stones: modern methods of treatment

By
The First Doc.
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0

Kidney stones are unpleasant and dangerous. They cause severe pain and can provoke inflammatory processes and other complications.

There are many approaches to the treatment of urolithiasis, both conservative and surgical. Read about modern treatment methods in this The First Doc. article.

Medication treatment.

Kidney stones can be removed without surgery – but only if the size and location of the stones allow the hope that they will recede on their own. The clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis state that drug therapy is justified when the stone is less than 5 mm in size.

Various medications are used to make it easier to remove the concrements:

  • Diuretics. Increase the formation and excretion of urine, which flushes stones out of the urinary tract.
  • Antispasmodics and analgesics. Relieve pain, relax the smooth muscles of the urinary tract and promote stone excretion.
  • Chemolytic agents. Literally dissolve the stone – partially or completely. Such medications are not effective against all stones, but only against urates consisting of uric acid. Against other stones – oxalates and phosphates – such tactics are ineffective.
  • Metabolic agents. Restore the disturbed metabolism and prevent stone recurrence.

In addition to the above remedies, antibacterial drugs are often prescribed. They do not act directly on the stones, but prevent the development of secondary infection – a frequent complication of urolithiasis.

Urolithiasis is one of the most common urological diseases. Urolithiasis treatment methods are constantly being improved. Unfortunately, until now, there are no non-surgical techniques that guarantee a 100% recovery from stones in the urinary system.

Surgical methods are prioritized by those with low traumatic effect, high efficiency (getting rid of the stone in one procedure, without additional crushing it repeatedly), with a short post-operative recovery period. Contact lithotripsy meets these requirements the most.

The limitations of this technique described in the article (difficulties in crushing concrements in the upper third of the ureter and kidney) are currently of a technical nature: if the clinic is well equipped (with a flexible uretero-renoscope), the patient can get rid of concrements in this section of the urinary tract as well.

Surgical treatment

Surgical Treatment

Drug therapy is usually carried out for 3-4 weeks, after which a follow-up examination – ultrasound or computed tomography – is done. If there is no effect and the stone remains in the kidneys, surgical treatment is suggested.

Back at the end of the last century, to get a kidney or urinary tract stone out, you had to have open surgery. It was difficult, time-consuming and unsafe. Significant damage to the skin and soft tissues, a high risk of bleeding and infections, a long recovery time – all this forced doctors to look for other ways to solve the problem. Eventually, minimally invasive surgical options were suggested. Today, open surgeries are practically non-existent – they have been replaced by other methods:

  • Contact ureterolithotripsy;
  • Percutaneous nephrolitholapaxy.

Contact ureterolithotripsy

Ureterolithotripsy is a minimally invasive stone crushing procedure. The surgeon does not make incisions in the skin. He inserts a special instrument through the urethra, advances to where the stone is located, and breaks it up. The stone can be crushed in different ways, but most often a laser or ultrasound is used, sometimes with compressed air. After that, the doctor inserts a stent into the urethra – to facilitate the excretion of urine and stone remains.

Stone removal surgery is always performed under general or spinal anesthesia. This practice is considered to be quite effective – for example, using a laser it is possible to get rid of several concrements at once in one session. The patient recovers quickly, because the operation is performed without tissue damage.

This method also has limitations. Contact lithotripsy is good for stones located in the middle and lower thirds of the ureter, and worse for stones located above it. The development of complications is not excluded – first of all, bleeding, infection of tissues and ureteral stricture formation.

Percutaneous nephrolitholapaxis

Percutaneous nephrolitholapaxis

This operation is performed through a small incision in the lumbar region. The doctor cuts the tissue, creates a hole in it, and then inserts a special instrument, a nephroscope. He brings the endoscope to the stone and destroys it with laser or ultrasound.

The operation resembles contact ureterolithotripsy, and the only difference is that all manipulations are not performed through the urethra, but through an incision of the skin and soft tissues on the lower back.

The percutaneous operation is usually performed for large stones from 2 cm. It requires general or spinal anesthesia. It is a minimally invasive procedure, so the tissues heal quickly, and the patient can go about his usual activities and return to work or school the very next day.

Percutaneous nephrolitholapaxis has the same limitations as ureterolithotripsy. It is most effective for stones in the lower and middle part of the ureter and sometimes leads to the development of complications – bleeding, infection, etc.

Noncontact surgery

According to the European Association of Urologists, non-contact lithotripsy is one of the most modern, effective, and safe methods of treating urinary tract stones.

Remote lithotripsy has such advantages:

  • It is non-invasive – no need to make incisions or insert an instrument into the urethra.
  • Does not require the use of anesthesia.
  • Conducted on an outpatient basis, the patient can return to his or her normal lifestyle immediately after surgery.

For non-contact lithotripsy, various generators are used, which produce shock waves that destroy stones in the kidney and urinary tract. With the help of special equipment – X-ray or ultrasound – the doctor focuses these waves where the stone is located – and does not affect healthy tissue. As a result of the shock wave, the stone disintegrates into small fragments and exits with the flow of urine on its own.

Remote lithotripsy is painless for the patient. With this procedure, stones of different sizes can be removed. Sometimes the doctor may place a stent in the ureter before crushing large stones – 2 cm or more – to prevent blockage.

Remote lithotripsy is used for a variety of stone localizations, but is best when the stones are located in the kidneys and upper ureter. The procedure takes about an hour. Stone fragments do not come off immediately – it takes up to three months.

Thus, modern medicine can offer many treatment options for urolithiasis. The choice of method will depend on the size and location of the stone, as well as many other factors that the treating physician will take into account.

The articles on this site are for information purposes only. The site administrators are not responsible for attempting to apply any recipe, advice or diet, nor do they guarantee that the information provided will help or harm you personally. Be cautious and always consult a doctor or nutritionist!

*All products recommended by thefirstdoc.com are selected by our editorial team. Some of our articles include affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, you help us earn a small commission from the seller and thus support the writing of useful and quality articles.

Baby’s stools while breastfeeding and on formula

By
The First Doc.
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0

One indicator of the health of a newborn baby is the contents of the diaper. But up to 90% of parents are concerned about the stools of newborns and older children. Not all of them are aware of the norms and pathologies and the differences in the physiological movements of breastfed children or those who receive artificial nutrition (adapted formula).

Often worried mothers or fathers go to the doctor, mistaking constipation in a baby for a quite physiological phenomenon – rare stools of infants. Let’s discuss in detail the stool norms of babies.

Infant stools during breastfeeding

Infant stools when breastfeeding

It is important to understand that at the very beginning of life, a baby who is exclusively breastfed can have all kinds of stools in his diaper. If he is not feverish, eats well, sleeps and is happy with his life, develops fully and puts on weight, this is his norm.

During the first months of life, the nature of the stool (volume, color and frequency of defecation) will vary greatly, and it is quite natural. The digestive tract is maturing, enzymes are activated, microflora is taking root – all this has a certain impact on the nature of the diaper contents.

Breastfeeding itself, if the baby receives nothing but mother’s milk, has the most favorable effect on digestive health. Even boiled water supplementation, medications, and colic teas have a significant effect on the stool of a naturally-fed baby. It is important to remember this, seeing the changes.

The introduction of formula, if it is partially mixed feeding, also significantly changes the color and consistency of the feces.

Establishment of intestinal function in a baby

For the first two days after birth, the baby’s meconium is excreted. Its color can significantly frighten an inexperienced mother – it is green-black, looks like putty, and does not wash well off the skin and diapers. Firstborn feces comes out up to 2-4 times, gradually changing to a yellowish and liquid mass, which is formed due to the digestion of the first portions of colostrum and intermediate milk.

During the first week, the baby empties his bowels about as many times as he has been in the world for days. After the arrival of milk and the establishment of breastfeeding, when the weight of the newborn changes from loss to gain, the number of defecations also becomes more frequent.

Some babies empty their bowels about as many times as they eat during the first month. Gradually, the baby begins to empty less often and the volume of diaper contents increases.

For a baby under 6 weeks of age, a single volume of stool reaches 1-2 tablespoons or less, has a liquid or mushy consistency. The color of the stools is greenish to bright yellow, with a sour odor.

Admissible specks of clotted milk, which indirectly indicates that the child receives milk, even in excess. The feces may be heterogeneous, with water when gassed.

Constipation or not?

Breastfed infants, if they do not receive any other food besides breast milk, may have physiologically infrequent stools after 6 weeks of age. Inexperienced mothers often mistake it for constipation, making unreasonable “treatment” measures.

In such a condition, defecation may occur from once a day to once every 4-5 days. In this case, there are no signs of constipation, the feces are soft and come out at once in large volumes, the child is not disturbed and feels quite well.

It is important to emphasize that this phenomenon is typical only for infants, children on artificial nutrition should have stools every day, maximum once every 1.5-2 days.

Feeding is digested differently from breast milk, there is more “waste”, and the baby will empty his bowels more often. If a formula feeder does not go poop for more than 2 days – it is constipation, you need to take measures to relieve the condition of the baby.

Changing the color of the baby’s stool: causes

Changing color of baby's stool: causes

It is typical for a baby to excrete unchanged bilirubin with the stool, which gives the feces, especially those that have lain in the air, a greenish tint. If the diaper was not changed immediately after defecation, or it lay for a while while the baby washed, bilirubin will oxidize in contact with the air, forming greenish pigmented products.

If the baby with this stool is quite healthy, nothing bothers him, there is no fever, vomiting and weight loss – this phenomenon is quite acceptable, it does not require concern and treatment. Such a phenomenon is possible up to the age of 4 months, in parallel with bilirubin begins to appear sternobilin.

It gives the stool a brownish tint. With changes in diet and the transition to complementary foods, the stools gradually become more and more similar to the adult version.

The appearance of green in the stool with an admixture of foam or mucus is possible in healthy babies as a reaction to the weather, an active infestation of intestinal microbes, a change in the mother’s diet or her illness. This is not always pathology, especially if it is an isolated case.

Influence of nutrition on the nature of infant stools

It is not uncommon to find frothy stools, which are the result of fermentation in the intestines. This may be due to the breastfeeding mother’s consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods (sweet fruits, pastries, candy, grape juice).

Babies have frothy stools when there is an excess of “front” milk, which accumulates in the mother’s breast between feedings. It contains a lot of water and lactose (which is a milk sugar), the large volume of these portions of milk entering the intestines leads to fermentation and gas, hence the frothy stools.

Frequent and prolonged feedings will help to correct the situation, so that the baby gets to the thick, fatty and nourishing “back” milk.

Artificials may have frothy stools if there is a partial deficiency of lactase (an enzyme that breaks down milk sugar, i.e. lactose) and they are fed standard formula. The solution may be a temporary switch to low-lactose formula, especially if the standard food is poorly absorbed and the child adds little weight to it.

As enzymes mature after 3-4 months this phenomenon often disappears completely. In this case the decision is taken only after consultation with the paediatrician, who will decide what is more appropriate – to add an enzyme to help break down lactose or switch to a lactose-free formula.

If there is a situation where the mother for some reason cannot continue breastfeeding, the baby is transferred to an adapted milk formula. These are usually formulas based on cow’s or goat’s milk.

The latter are characterised by easier digestibility, which is very important at a time when the child’s digestive system is still being formed, while the introduction of any new product often provokes colic, constipation, flatulence or diarrhoea. It is goat milk formula, due to the properties of its protein, which is the gentlest and most tender food for the immature baby’s body.

Blends milk formula based on natural farmer’s goat milk have an increased content of the most valuable and useful whey, which contributes to good digestibility of the mixtures. These highly adapted mixtures are enriched with a complex of fats rich in β-palmitate, which helps normalize digestion and calcium absorption.

In addition, the mixtures milk formula enriched with a combination of GOS and FOS prebiotics and the probiotic Bufudobecterium BB-12. This composition promotes the development of a balanced microbiota, which has a positive effect on digestion and the formation of immunity.

Well in addition to all these mixes are well tolerated and help a comfortable digestion. The baby absorbs food easier, he has a good mood and a great sleep. And what else is needed for a happy childhood and motherhood!

The articles on this site are for information purposes only. The site administrators are not responsible for attempting to apply any recipe, advice or diet, nor do they guarantee that the information provided will help or harm you personally. Be cautious and always consult a doctor or nutritionist!

*All products recommended by thefirstdoc.com are selected by our editorial team. Some of our articles include affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, you help us earn a small commission from the seller and thus support the writing of useful and quality articles.

Pacifier and breastfeeding: experts revealed the pros and cons

By
The First Doc.
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0

If you choose to breastfeed your baby, experts advise caution when using a pacifier because it can affect babies’ ability to get needed nutrition from the breast. And the reason is not as simple as it seems. Many used to believe, and believe now, that a breastfed baby confuses the pacifier and the breast, which prevents him or her from eating well.

However, according to several studies, including scientists at Northeastern University, this is not the case: babies who already have a problem with the pacifier and nipple are more likely to confuse the pacifier and the nipple.

Researchers say most babies can switch from breast to pacifier and back without any problems, maintaining proper sucking technique.

But this does not mean that there are no problems when using a pacifier. That’s why moms need to know the pros and cons of using pacifiers before giving them to babies. Read and make an informed decision.

Pros of using a pacifier when breastfeeding

Pros of using a pacifier when breastfeeding

When moms decide to give their babies pacifiers, it means they found something good about it that made them believe it was the right decision for a breastfed baby. What are the perks of using a pacifier for babies and parents? Here are professionally sound reasons why mothers choose to give pacifiers to breastfed babies:

The pacifier does not make breastfeeding difficult for infants

If you can bide your time before introducing your infant to a pacifier so that he learns to take the breast well and properly for feeding, experts from the International La Leche League say: there should be no problem with breastfeeding or using a pacifier.

Replaces the breast in “maternal affliction”

Touchy-feely is a new term describing an old problem: it is very easy for young mothers to feel “touched” when babies demand the breast only for reassurance and comfort. In such cases, using a pacifier is a great way to provide comfort, giving moms a break. And all new mothers need that from time to time.

A pacifier can protect a baby from SVDS

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, when babies are given a pacifier for falling asleep, it reduces the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. This is thought to be because it stimulates sucking, which prevents infants from being in the deep sleep phase for too long.

Because of this, according to the recommendations, there is a benefit to using a pacifier before bedtime for children under one year of age. During this period, children go through the most dangerous period of their lives, when they are at the greatest risk of SVD, and at the same time, until the age of one year, the pacifier does not cause any damage to the teeth.

Can relieve pain

There can be many reasons why babies feel discomfort. But if they suck on a pacifier, the feeling of pain is reduced. According to a Mayo Clinic study, pacifiers are known to soothe crankiness, distract children when they need injections and similar procedures, and can even help children “blow” their ears during flights.

Preventing the habit of sucking on fingers or tissue

The sucking reflex in infants is one of the strongest. Babies start sucking their fingers even before birth and may continue to do so afterwards, because they are so easy to find on their own.

This habit is one of the most difficult to eradicate. So if a baby does not satisfy the sucking reflex on the breast (or the mother cannot stand the constant “hovering”) and starts to actively suck on fingers, it makes sense to offer him a pacifier.

Tip! When it comes to choosing a pacifier for breastfed babies, some shapes are better than others. The best types of pacifiers for babies on HB include:

  • Cherry shape: a ball on a “stem”.
  • Cylindrical shape.
  • Orthodontic pacifier.

Using these pacifiers not only places the tongue correctly in the mouth, but also helps prevent babies from changing their dental arch. All of this is good for babies when breastfeeding and in the long run.

Disadvantages of using a pacifier when breastfeeding

Disadvantages of using a pacifier when breastfeeding

As with everything else, there are pros and cons to using pacifiers. That’s why parents should think ahead and consider the long-term consequences before giving their baby a pacifier. Especially when mom is breastfeeding.

Breastfeeding problems can occur if introduced too early

When pacifiers are introduced too early, babies can actually have trouble grasping the breast. Because of this, Cleveland Clinic experts recommend refraining from pacifiers until babies are two to four weeks old.

Too much use can lead to less milk

Giving infants a pacifier rather than allowing them to breastfeed on demand may reduce the amount of milk produced. And if this happens, you may need to switch to formula for supplementation.

Pacifier can make ear infections more painful

According to numerous studies, babies who suck pacifiers are not only more prone to ear infections, but their symptoms become more painful.

Can reduce the number of infant feedings during the day

Babies communicate their hunger by giving their parents signals that show they are ready to eat. But with a pacifier, these signals can be missed because babies suck on the pacifier rather than using their fingers or fists or smacking their lips. And when this happens, babies eat less during the day, causing them to wake up more often and eat at night.

Dental problems

As children get older, if they continue to suck on pacifiers after their teeth have erupted, the pacifier can begin to harm their bite.

Weaning a pacifier is a complicated process

When it finally comes time to put away the pacifier, it can be difficult to do so because babies and toddlers begin to rely on them, using them as reassurance. So you have to be prepared for this not the easiest period. Read about how to help your baby and what to do in the article “How to Wean a Baby from a Pacifier?”

Sources:

The articles on this site are for information purposes only. The site administrators are not responsible for attempting to apply any recipe, advice or diet, nor do they guarantee that the information provided will help or harm you personally. Be cautious and always consult a doctor or nutritionist!

*All products recommended by thefirstdoc.com are selected by our editorial team. Some of our articles include affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, you help us earn a small commission from the seller and thus support the writing of useful and quality articles.

Can green coffee help you lose weight: scientific facts

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The First Doc.
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Lately, green coffee for weight loss is considered the best way to lose weight. Its fans talk about the mild taste of the drink, its healing properties and cite scientific studies confirming weight loss.

But isn’t there a “marketing trap” here? Is it true that green coffee can really help you lose weight?

What is green coffee

Green coffee beans, which can be seen as an expensive food supplement, are coffee tree beans that have not been roasted. They are obtained from the same tree as the regular ones. They can be of two varieties, robusta and arabica.

Green beans are not usually used to make coffee because they have a less pronounced coffee aroma and a more bitter taste. The color of the beverage made from it is also different – it is green, in contrast to the dark brown that we are all used to.

By the way!

Green coffee is found on the market in two forms: coffee powder, which resembles green tea in appearance and taste; and as a tablet containing concentrated green coffee extract.

What’s in the beans.

What's in the grains

Marketers prescribe many benefits to green coffee. Based on the fact that coffee beans are not roasted, they retain more beneficial substances. One such beneficial ingredient is chlorogenic acid. It is a powerful antioxidant whose concentration is much lower in regular coffee.

Green coffee also contains caffeine. Scientists have calculated that its concentration in unroasted beans can be as high as 17%. But much depends on the brand of the product, as well as on the way the beverage is prepared and the number of beans used.

Is coffee good for your health?

“Green coffee is high in chlorogenic acids, which act as antioxidants for the body,” says Rebecca Tonnessen, M.D. – However, any benefits of the drink must be confirmed by science. Many studies so far have only involved animals or a very small sample size. That’s why more research is needed.

In 2011, researchers who published their findings in Gastroenterology Research and Practice concluded that studies demonstrating the health and weight loss benefits of taking green coffee had a high risk of bias and poor methodological quality. The experts reviewed five eligible studies, but none of them could be considered objective.

Therefore, scientific research on green coffee continues.

Will green coffee help you lose weight

Can green coffee help you lose weight?

Marketers have done an excellent job on the “image” of green coffee. They tell us that the drink, made from unroasted beans, affects body weight in three ways:

  • Gives a prolonged feeling of satiety. If the ads are to be believed, green coffee contains chemicals that stimulate the production of hormones responsible for feeling full. After drinking the drink, they “kick in” and help you lose weight without dieting.
  • It has lipolytic effects. According to some reports, green coffee helps the body improve the regulation of fat metabolism.
  • Boosts metabolism. Marketers claim that chlorogenic acid, which is actually present in large quantities in unroasted beans, has the ability to speed up the metabolism and inhibit the release of glucose into the bloodstream. Allegedly, because of this, the body is forced to use its own fat reserves as energy, which contributes to weight loss.

However, the studies conducted are not so optimistic. And they show positive results only with diet and regular exercise, which fundamentally changes the case.

In a 2018 study involving 40 people diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, green coffee extract was combined with a balanced diet. And it actually helped the participants in the experiment lose weight. Participants also had better blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and insulin resistance. Participants took 400 milligrams of green coffee extract twice a day for eight weeks.

Scientists warn that this study is only preliminary and further research is needed to confirm or refute the findings. And at this point, there is no objective evidence that green coffee works as a “cure.

But already people are taking this dietary supplement not only when they want to lose weight, but also for bacterial infections, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and other illnesses.

Fact! United States National Library of Medicine experts warn that at this time there is insufficient evidence that green coffee can help in the therapy of any pathological condition.

How to drink green coffee for weight loss

How to drink green coffee to lose weight

Although experts have not identified the benefits of the drink for weight loss without dieting and exercising, green coffee can be included in your diet. It will make it more varied and will be a good incentive to continue your weight-loss efforts.

Take note of two recipes for making the drink!

Green Coffee with Ginger

Like green coffee, ginger is also famous for its “fat-burning” properties. Whether they help in practice, you can check by making this drink.

Pour a cup of water into a saucepan and bring it to a boil. Add 2 tablespoons of green coffee powder and again bring to the boil on low heat. Add to the water two centimeters of fresh ginger root, grated, and boil the coffee for 5 minutes. Leave the drink to infuse for 2-3 minutes, strain and drink hot.

Green Coffee with Milk

This drink will appeal to anyone who likes lattes. Milk will soften the bitter taste of coffee beans and make the drink pleasant. If you drink green coffee for weight loss, choose zero-fat milk.

Boil a cup of milk and add to it 1-2 tbsp green coffee. Stir until homogeneous, put the saucepan with the future coffee on the fire and sweat it for two minutes. Remove the drink from the heat and allow it to infuse for two minutes. If desired, you can add a little sugar.

Green coffee is dried but not roasted coffee beans. Scientists have recently discovered that it has the ability to stimulate fat burning. Chlorogenic acid is responsible for this effect. When coffee beans are roasted, this acid is lost due to the temperature, but green beans retain a large amount of it.

The most useful is green coffee beans. It has a high content of antioxidants. These components are responsible for the removal of free radicals from the body and stand guard over our beauty and youth. They are much more than in the roasted version of coffee.

Green coffee has a chlorogenic acid content of about 10.9%. This acid is useful for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and perfectly regulates human blood sugar levels. It can have a positive effect on our immune system and the condition of our skin.

In addition, chlorogenic acid reduces bad cholesterol in the blood. And this protects the health of blood vessels, which can have a positive effect even on the quality of vision. When it is regularly replenished in the body, metabolism is greatly accelerated and the energy supply increases.

Green coffee beans increase concentration without then causing the energy slump, tremors, and increased anxiety that is common in people with low coffee metabolism. Coffee also improves mental performance.

How to take green coffee for weight loss?

How to take green coffee for weight loss?

The main condition that affects the absorption of the product – a cup of drink should be on an empty stomach. You can take coffee in the morning or in the evening. This is a clear difference from black coffee.

Also, don’t take pills, vitamins, or drink it uncontrollably. Any, the healthiest product without measure, can be harmful. For the fat-burning process the necessary daily rate of the product is three cups.

During the green coffee diet, it is recommended that:

  • Eliminate and/or limit consumption of sweets, fatty, and floury foods. This will help the body to start the fat burning process.
  • Increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables. They are high in fiber, which controls satiety.
  • Drink enough clean water per day – from 1.5-2 liters.

Usually green coffee is drunk for one to two months, then take a break for 3 to 4 weeks.

Remember that you have to refuse to lose weight using green coffee people who suffer from insomnia, nervous excitability, high blood pressure, heart disease, as well as pregnant and lactating women.

There is an opinion that green coffee can help you lose weight. First of all, it has a very low hypoglycemic index and the presence of a whole complex of nutrients in the composition of green coffee.

Green coffee contains fiber, pectin, B vitamins, vitamins C and P, amino acids, tannins, caffeine, wax, theophylline, tocopherol, and oils. The combination of these elements turns unroasted coffee into a very useful drink, which has an antioxidant and tonic effect on the body.

In addition, green coffee lowers blood glucose levels, boosts metabolism, improves lymphatic drainage and intestinal function. In general, it improves the condition of the skin, hair and nails as it has a powerful regenerating effect on the epidermis.

Green coffee contains chlorogenic acid, which lowers blood sugar levels. As a rule, the body reacts to high blood sugar by increasing the production of insulin, which in turn leads to the synthesis of fatty acids, which are then deposited in cells.

Accordingly, the more often the sugar level rises, the more insulin is produced, which causes fat depot formation and weight gain. Chlorogenic acid contained in green coffee affects metabolic processes in the body, reducing glucose levels.

However, you should not bet so much on green coffee alone, especially in the case if you are eating this coffee with dumplings and hamburgers.

Green coffee will work only in a complex therapy in tandem with a balanced diet, which will be macronutrient, so that the body gets everything it needs – proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and microelements. This is necessary in order for all the biochemical processes in the body, including metabolism, to work. In this case, green coffee will stimulate the metabolism, and promote weight loss.

Sources:

The articles on this site are for information purposes only. The site administrators are not responsible for attempting to apply any recipe, advice or diet, nor do they guarantee that the information provided will help or harm you personally. Be cautious and always consult a doctor or nutritionist!

*All products recommended by thefirstdoc.com are selected by our editorial team. Some of our articles include affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, you help us earn a small commission from the seller and thus support the writing of useful and quality articles.

Intimal injury in closed vascular trauma

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The First Doc.
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Vascular injury is a frequently occurring pathological condition resulting from traumatic effects. In clinical practice, vascular injuries of the lower extremities are the most common, the second place is occupied by the upper extremities, and the third – by the vessels of the neck.

Depending on the nature of the injury, there are open and closed vascular injuries. In this article we will consider closed injuries, accompanied by the violation of the integrity of the intima.

What is a closed vessel injury?

What is a closed vessel injury?

Closed vessel injury is a pathological condition in which, as a result of traumatic impact, the integrity of the intima, more rarely the medial or outer sheath of the vessel has been violated. The main difference from open trauma is the absence of communication with the external environment, i.e. a penetrating wound, from which blood flows outwards.

First, let’s understand what the intima of a vessel is. The intima is the thin, transparent, very fragile membrane lining arteries and veins from the inside. It consists of endothelial cells and subendothelial connective tissue.

Closed vessel injury can be occlusive and contusion.

Occlusive trauma is accompanied by compression or contusion of the vessel, for example, as a result of displacement of bone fragments during fracture. In this case, first of all, the intima is affected. The medial vasculature is damaged only in case of intense traumatic impact.

If the integrity of the inner or middle vasculature has been compromised, we speak of a contusion injury, which is divided into three degrees. In the first degree there are single cracks on the intima, in the second degree there are circular more extensive damages. The third degree is when the integrity of not only the inner, but also the medial sheath is compromised.

The second and third degrees are accompanied by detachment of the inner membrane, blockage of the vascular lumen, and the occurrence of intravascular thrombosis.

If the integrity of all layers of the vascular wall has been compromised, a pulsatile hematoma is formed.

Clinically, closed vascular injuries may be accompanied by intense pain syndrome, inability to feel peripheral pulsation, and sensory disturbances. Pallor or cyanosis of the skin may also be observed. However, this pathological condition is often asymptomatic.

Basic diagnostic methods

A closed vessel injury can be suspected on the basis of concomitant complaints, history, and objective examination.

Duplex scanning is recommended to clarify the diagnosis, the importance of which in the diagnosis of vascular complications of trauma was described by scientists from the Scientific and Clinical Center for Miners’ Health in a paper published in 2014.

The examination plan may also be supplemented with angiography, computed tomography, or multispiral computed tomography if necessary. All other examinations play an auxiliary role and are selected depending on the nature of the injury, the accompanying clinical picture, and other factors.

Sources:
  • Multiple and combined injuries / Sokolov V.A. – 2006
  • Ultrasonic diagnosis of peripheral artery injuries in closed trauma. Clinical cases / Vlasova I.V. // Polytrauma – 2014 – â„–4

The articles on this site are for information purposes only. The site administrators are not responsible for attempting to apply any recipe, advice or diet, nor do they guarantee that the information provided will help or harm you personally. Be cautious and always consult a doctor or nutritionist!

*All products recommended by thefirstdoc.com are selected by our editorial team. Some of our articles include affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, you help us earn a small commission from the seller and thus support the writing of useful and quality articles.

What should a child eat before the age of 6 and later? A list of foods for every day

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The First Doc.
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Age 6 is a very responsible age in a child’s life. In a little while, he will go to school, which means that he needs a lot of strength and energy to maintain thinking processes, good performance and physical capabilities. This energy a child’s body can provide a healthy diet. And accustom him to the child should be as early as possible. What should a child eat before the age of 6 and later?

Proper nutrition for a child

According to nutritionist Lainie Jankin, M.D., one of the most important responsibilities of a parent is to provide a healthy diet for a child. But adults often follow their children’s lead by offering them chips, uncooked foods, French fries, and sugary sodas instead of healthy foods. Ultimately, this has a negative impact on development and health.

Most experts are of the opinion that half of a child’s plate should be filled with fruits or vegetables, a quarter with whole grains (pasta, porridge) and another quarter with healthy proteins such as eggs, cheese, meat, legumes or nuts. By adhering to these guidelines, a parent can not only feed a child deliciously, but also make his or her body healthier.

What foods are mandatory in a child’s diet at age 6 or older?

Milk and dairy products

Milk and dairy products are high in calcium and vitamin D, phosphorus, vitamin B12, and potassium. Dairy products provide the body with high-quality protein that is well absorbed.

Experts are of the opinion that after the age of two, a child should consume 3 servings of dairy products a day, including milk, yogurt, and cheese.

Greek yogurt without additives is a great option for a healthy and hearty snack that will enrich your child’s body with calcium and quality protein, as well as probiotics – beneficial bacteria necessary for intestinal health.

Beans

“Children ages 4 to 8 need about 25 grams of fiber each day,” says nutritionist and child nutrition specialist Kathy Andrews. – And most foods offered to children contain minimal, if any, fiber.”

A serving of beans or peas will give the body not only quality vegetable protein, but also fiber.

Eggs

Eggs

One large chicken egg contains about 6 grams of protein, as well as important nutrients such as vitamins D and B12 and iron. All of these are necessary for normal child development.

Children can be offered scrambled eggs, a variety of omelets or egg casseroles. It’s delicious and easy! It’s also a great meal before kindergarten or school.

Avocados

This exotic fruit has long been ingrained on the table of Russians. It can provide a child’s body with healthy fats and give a prolonged feeling of satiety.

Avocado pulp can be used as a spread on bread or added to fresh vegetable salads. Avocados also make a delicious sauce for pasta.

Vegetables

Each vegetable is unique in its own way and contains different nutrients. For example, leafy greens like spinach and green lettuce are rich in vitamin K, orange and red vegetables contain vitamin A, and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, white cabbage and cauliflower contain cancer-fighting substances.

The entire variety of vegetables should be regularly present on a child’s menu, both fresh and heat-treated.

Nuts and seeds

Cashew nuts, walnuts, almonds, pecans, sunflower seeds, chia seeds and many other varieties are valuable sources of healthy fats that are essential for keeping children’s brains and cardiovascular systems healthy.

They can be offered to a child as a healthy snack or added to smoothies, desserts and second courses.

Whole grains.

The best whole-grain foods for children are oatmeal, durum wheat pasta, brown rice, “whole grain” cereals, millet, and quinoa.

They can be used to prepare a lot of nourishing and healthy dishes, just supplemented with butter or a delicious sauce or gravy.

Berries

Berries

One cup of berries contains about 4 grams of fiber as well as loads of antioxidants, vitamins and minerals. Fresh berries make a great dessert for children or a great addition to yogurt or oatmeal.

And on the basis of frozen berries you can make compotes or use them as a filling for pies.

The articles on this site are for information purposes only. The site administrators are not responsible for attempting to apply any recipe, advice or diet, nor do they guarantee that the information provided will help or harm you personally. Be cautious and always consult a doctor or nutritionist!

*All products recommended by thefirstdoc.com are selected by our editorial team. Some of our articles include affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, you help us earn a small commission from the seller and thus support the writing of useful and quality articles.

How to choose mascara by the shape of the brush?

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The First Doc.
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It’s often the case that how well a mascara blushes, lengthens, adds volume or separates lashes depends not so much on the product formula as on the brush – its shape, material, length and location of the bristles. Let’s see what brushes there are and how to find the perfect brush shape for your lashes.

Fleece or silicone?

First of all, brushes are divided into two categories depending on the material – they are tufted or silicone. The pile brushes can be considered classic – it is the traditional material, which is more common. The basic difference of brushes is in the way they draw and apply the coloring substance.

Silicone applicators pick up less product and distribute it in a thinner layer on the lashes. With such a brush, it is difficult to achieve a dramatic look the first time, so they give a more natural effect. Silicone brushes usually have larger bristles.

The frizzes, on the other hand, gain more product, so they appeal to women who like well-colored lashes.

Classic tufted brushes.

Classic tufted brushes

Fleece long brushes that taper smoothly at the top are a versatile option because they fit everyone. These products are usually a hit because they are one of the most comfortable options for everyday makeup. But they do have one nuance.

So, usually such brushes have short and tightly adhering to each other hairs. Because of this density, the brush slides over the lashes and the composition does not have time to fill the space between them. To get the mascara to work well on lashes, apply it in slow zigzag movements.

First, press the brush to the roots, then slowly sweep it along the length of the lashes, giving them the desired shape. Hold the mascara on the tips to get a good hold on the lashes and to keep the curve in place.

With this shape of applicator you get a light daytime makeup: eyes become more expressive, but there is no noticeable volume, rich color or too long lashes – everything that is more appropriate for evening makeup.

Maximum lengthening.

Silicone straight brushes do the best job of lash extension. These brushes have split teeth, so they perfectly comb through the lashes from the roots. The applicator helps to lengthen lashes and give them volume from the first time.

Everyday makeup is easy and natural. Such a form is also convenient because it helps to cope with clumps of mascara, so it is chosen by those who like the effect of well-divided lashes. Besides, you can control the amount of mascara you put on.

If your goal is to get good color and lift the roots, then choose a brush with the same shape, but with thinner, almost translucent teeth. They’re the perfect coloring solution, with fluffy and separated lashes.

Tip! For an even application of mascara, choose a large brush. Unlike small brushes, it evenly distributes the product from the roots to the tips.

Small brushes leave most of the product on your roots and then distribute it along your length. This makes the roots look thicker than the tips.

Remarkable volume

Silicone or fleece brushes with long bristles are suitable for adding volume to sparse lashes. But a silicone brush usually gives the best volume. Why is this the case?

Silicone brushes have a greater distance between the teeth, so they capture and color the lashes from all sides. In addition, these silicone brushes have a greater distance not only between the bristles, but also between the rows.

Between the rows, the coloring substance accumulates, which densely covers the lashes the first time. They turn out voluminous and expressive.

Curl

Tweaking

Curved brushes are the best way to curl lashes and give them a beautiful curve. This is ideal for short and straight lashes without a natural curve. If your goal is curve without volume (for everyday makeup), then opt for classic curved pile brushes.

Apply mascara in a slow, zig-zag motion. At the same time, first use the protruding side of the brush to lift the roots, then twist the brush and pull the paint all the way to the tips with the curved side. Hold the applicator at the tips to fix the curve. This brush shape and application technique gives the effect of fluffy curved lashes without dramatic volume.

If you need both volume and curve, then the best option would be a silicone brush, which due to the greater distance between the teeth blushes the lashes from all sides and thus gives them maximum volume.

Tip! If you have sparse lashes or grow unevenly, choose an applicator with bristles of different lengths: they capture both shorter and longer lashes.

The “figure of eight” shape.

A brush that resembles the shape of an “eight” is similar to the curved ones in that it helps to curl lashes without using a curler (forceps). These brushes come with longer or shorter frizzes, so they can both give volume and can provide lash coverage more easily.

What is the difference between this shape and a curved tassel? Because it has no protrusion or trough, you can position the brush any way you want without having to twist it to fix the curve. In addition, these brushes have bristles that look in different directions, and because of this chaotic arrangement, they capture and thoroughly coat every lash from the roots to the tips.

Cone-shaped brush

Cone Shaped Brush

A fleece cone-shaped brush with a tapered tip helps you achieve volume and lengthening, while allowing you to accurately blur the short lashes in the corners of the eyes. In addition, it will please those who don’t like the glued eyelashes effect as the thin tip separates them well. Such a brush is convenient to paint the lashes on the lower eyelid as well.

Applicators with a round tip (or ball at the end) have the same effect. These balls are designed to highlight the lashes in the outer and inner corner of the eyes, as well as to pull them up to make the look more open.

The articles on this site are for information purposes only. The site administrators are not responsible for attempting to apply any recipe, advice or diet, nor do they guarantee that the information provided will help or harm you personally. Be cautious and always consult a doctor or nutritionist!

*All products recommended by thefirstdoc.com are selected by our editorial team. Some of our articles include affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, you help us earn a small commission from the seller and thus support the writing of useful and quality articles.

Compression stockings: how to choose and wear them correctly?

By
The First Doc.
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Compression stockings are a medical device used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes for lower limb vascular pathologies. Currently, in specialized stores there is a huge range of these products, differing in the degree of compression, material, method of weaving fabrics and so on. In this article we will talk about what compression stockings are used for, how to choose and wear them correctly.

What are compression stockings?

Compression hosiery is a specific type of fabric product that has a special weaving technique designed to optimally distribute blood pressure, venous or lymphatic outflow in the legs.

First of all, compression stockings differ depending on the material from which they are made. There are products made of microfiber, elastane, and so on.

The stockings are distinguished by their round or flat knitting. In addition, they can have an open or closed toe.

All compression stockings are divided into four compression classes, from the lightest to the most intense.

Depending on the purpose, it is customary to distinguish between:

  • Prophylactic knitwear – has a low degree of compression, can be used without consulting a doctor.
  • Therapeutic knitwear – has different levels of pressure in different parts of the legs, used to treat varicose veins and other pathologies, used only on prescription by a doctor.
  • Hospital knitwear – shown to people who have been prescribed prolonged bed rest after a surgical procedure, with prolonged limb immobility.

Indications and contraindications for prescription

Indications and contraindications for prescribing

Compression stockings are prescribed for:

In 2021, scientists from the National Medical Research Center for Surgery named after A.V. Vishnev published a paper that found elastic compression to be an effective and safe means of preventing unwanted surgery. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center published a paper in which they found that elastic compression is an effective and safe means of preventing adverse events, complications, and pain in patients after superficial vein surgery for varicose veins in the lower extremities.

In addition, this product can be used for preventive purposes during pregnancy and after childbirth, with active sports, predisposition to vein disease.

As for contraindications, they include various skin and soft tissue pathologies in the leg area, peripheral artery disease, diabetes mellitus, severe deformities of the lower extremities, and so on.

Choosing and wearing compression stockings

The first thing to do is to choose the right size. To this end, you should measure your ankles, shins and hips in the morning without getting out of bed.

Also, when choosing compression stockings it is extremely important to focus on the compression class that was recommended by the doctor, the service life of the product. It should not be forgotten that the hosiery must be hypoallergenic and wear-resistant.

The duration of therapeutic stockings is determined by the doctor. They should be worn on a bare leg, under no circumstances take other people’s stockings. If there is any lasting discomfort while wearing the hosiery, you should consult a doctor.

Sources

Clinical guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic vein diseases / Stoyko Y.M., Kirienko A.I., Zatevakhin I.I. et al. // 2018 – â„–3 Short-term compression therapy in chronic vein disease without trophic disorders: possibilities of compression knitwear / Manjikyan O.P., Chubchenko S.V., Fedorov D.A. et al. // Hospital-substituting technologies: Ambulatory Surgery – 2021 – No. 1

The articles on this site are for information purposes only. The site administrators are not responsible for attempting to apply any recipe, advice or diet, nor do they guarantee that the information provided will help or harm you personally. Be cautious and always consult a doctor or nutritionist!

*All products recommended by thefirstdoc.com are selected by our editorial team. Some of our articles include affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, you help us earn a small commission from the seller and thus support the writing of useful and quality articles.

Scientists have created “artificial” embryos without eggs or sperm

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The First Doc.
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The University of Cambridge has created “artificial” embryos from mouse stem cells that have a beating heart, as well as the bases of the brain and all other organs.

This is a major milestone and the most advanced stage of development achieved to date in a stem cell-derived model. The models are intended to help scientists better understand the mechanisms of embryonic development. To better understand these early stages, the team created mouse embryo models using only stem cells, without eggs or sperm.

They combined cultured stem cells representing each of the three tissue types in the right proportions and environment to promote their growth and interaction with each other.

The cells were eventually self-assembled into embryos with a beating heart, brain bases, and yolk sac!

Researchers noted that extraembryonic cells transmit signals to embryonic cells both through chemical signals and through touch to guide embryonic development.

Although the study was conducted in mouse models, it is hoped that the results will help to better understand why some human embryos fail while others continue to develop into healthy pregnancies.

In addition, experts suggest that they could be used to manage the recovery and development of artificial human organs for transplantation.

Scientists have previously reported the successful cultivation of a lamb embryo in an artificial uterus.

Original source link:

Cambridge University.

The articles on this site are for information purposes only. The site administrators are not responsible for attempting to apply any recipe, advice or diet, nor do they guarantee that the information provided will help or harm you personally. Be cautious and always consult a doctor or nutritionist!

*All products recommended by thefirstdoc.com are selected by our editorial team. Some of our articles include affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, you help us earn a small commission from the seller and thus support the writing of useful and quality articles.

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*The information published on the website is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for qualified medical care. Be sure to consult your doctor!

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